Example Using Replicate Weights with PISA
As the PISA 2025 results were just released this week and I am currently teaching a seminar/class on analyzing international large scale assessments this fall 2026, I thought it would good to show how we actually use these replicate weights when analyzing these datasets. Replicate weights are used to get the correct standard errors when analyzing ILSAs. I don’t think many applied researchers understand what these are– even though a lot has been written about them– and are explained in the documentation of the different ILSAs. It gets confusing also because different ILSAs (e.g., TIMSS vs. PISA) use different versions of these (e.g., JK2 vs Fay’s BRR).
Sep 10, 2026