Clustered Data

Although CRSEs are commonly-used, there are many instances where they can fail.

Nov 8, 2025

Accounting for random slopes Using cluster-robust standard errors in multilevel models

Robust standard errors provide a convenient way to account for random slopes in multilevel models. They can also function as a diagnostic to test for the presence of random slopes.

Oct 8, 2025

Reassessing weights in large-scale assessments and multilevel models

Mar 28, 2025

Cluster-robust standard errors with three-level data

Feb 1, 2025

Using robust standard errors for the analysis of binary outcomes with a small number of clusters

CR2 plug in for SPSS can be downloaded from: https://github.com/flh3/CR2

Jan 1, 2023

Using cluster-robust standard errors when analyzing group-randomized trials with few clusters

The SPSS version can be accessed here: https://github.com/flh3/CR2/tree/master/SPSS

Jan 1, 2022

Analyzing cross-sectionally clustered data using generalized estimating equations

As of 2024.10.03, the most read article on JEBS (for the last 6 months)! In the original paper draft, I had a section which showed how much more widely used mixed models (i.e., MLMs, HLMs) were compared to GEEs but was asked to remove that. I thought the usage was interesting so I am including it here:

Jan 1, 2022

Using cluster bootstrapping to analyze nested data with a few clusters

Jan 1, 2018

Multilevel modeling and ordinary least squares regression: How comparable are they?

Jan 1, 2018