This tutorial explains why and how instrumental variables work, differentiates compliance types, and illustrates how IVs can be used to properly deal with issues related to noncompliance and dosage effects.
May 11, 2026

Evaluating the quantifiable impact of social programs is a key task that policy makers, governments, and program funders perform. In education and the social sciences, a fundamental question asked is ‘How do we know our policy or program works?’
Mar 3, 2024